A rise in flu-like cases of human metapneumovirus (HMPV) in China has sparked concerns about another pandemic similar to Covid-19. Social media has shared images of crowded hospitals filled with masked patients, but health experts clarify that HMPV is not like Covid. They emphasize that the virus has been around for years and that China, along with other countries, is simply experiencing the usual seasonal increase in HMPV cases during winter.
*What is HMPV, what are the symptoms, and how does it spread?*
HMPV, first identified in the Netherlands in 2001, spreads through direct person-to-person contact or by touching contaminated surfaces. For most individuals, it causes a mild upper respiratory infection, typically similar to the flu, with symptoms like coughing, fever, and a blocked nose.
Young children, especially those under two, are more susceptible, as well as individuals with weakened immune systems, including the elderly and those with advanced cancer. In some cases, particularly in immunocompromised individuals, the virus can cause more severe respiratory issues, including wheezing, breathlessness, and croup, sometimes requiring hospital care. A small percentage may even face a higher risk of death from the infection.
*Why are HMPV cases rising in China?*
Like many respiratory infections, HMPV is most active during late winter and spring, as cold weather helps the virus survive longer and facilitates easier transmission in indoor settings. In northern China, the current surge coincides with a cold spell expected to last until March.
Countries across the northern hemisphere, including the US, are also seeing a rise in HMPV cases, but experts like epidemiologist Jacqueline Stephens from Flinders University in Australia suggest this is a typical seasonal spike. The World Health Organization (WHO) is monitoring flu-like illnesses globally and reports no unusual outbreak patterns, with Chinese authorities confirming that their healthcare system is not overwhelmed.
*Is HMPV spreading in the UK?*
HMPV cases in the UK have steadily increased since October 2024. Although the UK Health and Security Agency (UKHSA) does not provide specific case numbers, its latest data shows a significant rise in positive tests in mid-December, which is consistent with usual seasonal trends.
*Is there a risk of another Covid-like pandemic?*
Experts stress that the fears of a Covid-style pandemic are exaggerated. HMPV is not a new virus—it has been around for decades and is globally widespread. This means many people already have some level of immunity due to previous infections. According to Professor Paul Hunter from the University of East Anglia, nearly every child will experience at least one HMPV infection by age five, and reinfections are common throughout life.
While HMPV is unlikely to cause a major global crisis, health officials recommend taking precautions against respiratory illnesses, including:
- Wearing a mask in crowded places
- Avoiding crowds if at higher risk for severe illness
- Washing hands frequently
- Disposing of tissues safely
In the UK, pregnant women and adults aged 75-79 are advised to get vaccinated against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a common infection that can be serious for babies and the elderly.
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